Unlock Tomorrow's Football Thrills with Expert Albania Match Predictions
Football enthusiasts across South Africa are eagerly awaiting the latest match predictions for Albania's football fixtures set to take place tomorrow. With the excitement building, it's time to delve into expert analyses and betting insights that could give you the edge in your next wager. Whether you're a seasoned bettor or new to the world of football predictions, this comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions. Let's explore the key matches, team form, head-to-head statistics, and expert opinions that will shape tomorrow's football landscape in Albania.
Upcoming Albania Matches: A Glimpse into Tomorrow's Action
Tomorrow promises an exhilarating lineup of matches featuring Albania's top teams. As the anticipation builds, fans are keen to see how these teams will perform on the pitch. Here's a rundown of the key fixtures:
- KF Tirana vs. Kukësi: A classic derby that never fails to deliver intense action and passionate displays from both sides.
- Partizani Tirana vs. Laçi: This match is expected to be a tactical battle, with both teams vying for crucial points in the league standings.
- Vllaznia Shkodër vs. Teuta Durrës: A clash between two teams looking to solidify their positions in the top half of the table.
Each of these matches holds significant implications for the league standings, making them must-watch events for any football fan.
Expert Betting Predictions: Your Guide to Tomorrow's Matches
When it comes to betting on football, having reliable predictions can make all the difference. Our experts have analyzed various factors, including team form, player availability, and historical data, to provide you with insightful predictions for tomorrow's matches.
KF Tirana vs. Kukësi
This derby is always a spectacle, with both teams eager to claim victory. Our experts predict a high-scoring game, with KF Tirana having a slight edge due to their recent performances.
- Home Advantage: KF Tirana's strong home record could play a crucial role in their favor.
- Key Players: Keep an eye on KF Tirana's forward line, which has been in excellent form.
Partizani Tirana vs. Laçi
This match is expected to be a tightly contested affair. Both teams have shown resilience in recent weeks, making it difficult to predict a clear winner.
- Defensive Strategies: Both teams are likely to focus on solid defense, leading to fewer goals.
- Betting Tip: Consider placing a bet on under 2.5 goals for this match.
Vllaznia Shkodër vs. Teuta Durrës
Vllaznia Shkodër is coming off a series of strong performances and is expected to dominate this match against Teuta Durrës.
- Betting Tip: Vllaznia Shkodër is favored to win, with odds reflecting their strong form.
- Match Dynamics: Look for Vllaznia Shkodër's midfielders to control the pace of the game.
Analyzing Team Form and Key Statistics
To make informed betting decisions, it's essential to understand the current form of each team and key statistics that could influence tomorrow's outcomes.
KF Tirana: A Formidable Force
KF Tirana has been in impressive form recently, securing crucial wins that have boosted their confidence heading into this derby.
- Last Five Matches: W-W-D-W-W
- Goals Scored: 12 goals in their last five matches
- Defensive Record: Conceded only three goals in their last five games
Kukësi: Resilient Underdogs
Kukësi has shown resilience despite facing some tough opponents recently. Their determination will be key in challenging KF Tirana.
- Last Five Matches: D-L-W-D-W
- Goals Scored: Seven goals in their last five matches
- Defensive Record: Conceded six goals in their last five games
Partizani Tirana: Consistency Pays Off
Partizani Tirana has maintained consistency throughout the season, which has kept them competitive in the league standings.
- Last Five Matches: W-D-W-D-L
- Goals Scored: Nine goals in their last five matches
- Defensive Record: Conceded four goals in their last five games
Laçi: Battling for Points
Laçi has been fighting hard to climb up the league table, and their performance against Partizani Tirana will be crucial.
- Last Five Matches: L-D-W-L-W
- Goals Scored: Eight goals in their last five matches
- Defensive Record: Conceded seven goals in their last five games
Vllaznia Shkodër: On an Upward Trajectory
Vllaznia Shkodër has been on an upward trajectory, winning several key matches that have improved their standing in the league.
- Last Five Matches: W-W-W-D-W
- Goals Scored: Thirteen goals in their last five matches
- Defensive Record: Conceded two goals in their last five games
Teuta Durrës: Struggling but Determined
MarkUvT/MarkUvT.github.io<|file_sep|>/_posts/2018-04-14-How-to-build-your-own-certificate-authority.md
---
layout: post
title: How To Build Your Own Certificate Authority
subtitle: Using OpenSSL and PKI
---
## Introduction
When developing applications that require communication over TLS/SSL (such as when using HTTPS), one needs certificates signed by a Certificate Authority (CA). Since CAs can be expensive (in both money and time), it is often beneficial if you can build your own CA.
This post will go through how you can build your own CA using OpenSSL.
## Setting up your environment
### Create your root certificate
The first step is creating your root certificate which will act as your CA.
Create a directory where you will keep all of your keys and certificates:
mkdir ca && cd ca
Now create your root certificate signing request:
openssl req -new -x509 -days [number of days] -extensions v3_ca -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -subj "/C=SE/ST=[your state]/L=[your city]/O=[your company name]/CN=Your Root CA"
The `subj` flag sets up some default values for when creating your root certificate signing request (CSR).
### Create your sub-certificate
To create a sub-certificate (a certificate signed by your CA), first generate a private key:
openssl genrsa -out server.key [key size]
Then create a CSR:
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -subj "/C=SE/ST=[your state]/L=[your city]/O=[your company name]/CN=[server name]"
Again use `subj` flag for setting some default values.
Finally sign your CSR:
openssl x509 -req -days [number of days] -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out server.crt
### Install certificates
Now that we have our certificates we can install them.
Copy `ca.crt` over to wherever you want it installed (for example `/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/`)
Copy `server.crt` over wherever you want it installed (for example `/etc/ssl/certs/`)
Copy `server.key` over wherever you want it installed (for example `/etc/ssl/private/`)
On Linux you can run `sudo update-ca-certificates` after copying over `ca.crt`.
## Using your CA
### Using OpenSSL
To verify that everything works as expected we can run:
openssl s_client -connect localhost:443
If everything works correctly we should get output similar to:
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = SE, ST = [your state], L = [your city], O = [your company name], CN = Your Root CA
verify return:1
depth=0 C = SE, ST = [your state], L = [your city], O = [your company name], CN = [server name]
verify return:1
...
---
Certificate chain
...
### Using curl
To verify everything works as expected we can run:
curl --cacert /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ca.crt https://localhost/
If everything works correctly we should get output similar to:
...
## Automating creation of sub-certificates
If you need more than one sub-certificate then creating them by hand gets tedious really fast.
A nice solution is using [`cfssl`](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl) which automates this process.
<|repo_name|>MarkUvT/MarkUvT.github.io<|file_sep|>/_posts/2018-01-09-Saving-data-with-django.md
---
layout: post
title: Saving data with Django
subtitle:
---
## Introduction
In this post I'll go through how you can save data using Django.
## Creating models
First we need some models:
python
from django.db import models
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
## Saving data using forms
Next we need some forms:
python
from django import forms
class AuthorForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField()
class BookForm(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField()
author_id = forms.IntegerField()
Now let's look at how we can save data using these forms:
python
def create_author(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = AuthorForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
Author.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/')
else:
return render(request, 'author_form.html', {'form': form})
else:
form = AuthorForm()
return render(request, 'author_form.html', {'form': form})
def create_book(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = BookForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
author_id = form.cleaned_data['author_id']
author_qs = Author.objects.filter(pk=author_id)
if author_qs.exists():
author = author_qs.first()
Book.objects.create(title=form.cleaned_data['title'], author=author)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/')
else:
# TODO: handle non-existent authors
pass
else:
return render(request, 'book_form.html', {'form': form})
else:
form = BookForm()
return render(request, 'book_form.html', {'form': form})
A few things worth noting here:
* We need to check whether or not our authors exist before trying to save books.
* It would be nice if there was some way around having two separate views (`create_author`, `create_book`) and instead just have one view (`create_book`) which also creates an author if necessary.
* We don't really need any validation since we're only dealing with integers (`author_id`) and strings (`title`, `name`) so why not just create our objects without any validation?
## Saving data using model forms
To address these issues we can use Django model forms which provides us with some nice features out-of-the-box.
First let's create our model forms:
python
from django.forms import ModelForm
class AuthorModelForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Author
fields = ['name']
class BookModelForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Book
fields = ['title', 'author']
Now let's rewrite our views using these model forms:
python
def create_author(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = AuthorModelForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# Save new author object directly from validated data.
# Note that this bypasses Python validation (e.g. max_length).
# Instead validation occurs when saving our object.
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/forms/modelforms/#the-save-method.
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/')
else:
return render(request, 'author_form.html', {'form': form})
else:
form = AuthorModelForm()
return render(request, 'author_form.html', {'form': form})
def create_book(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = BookModelForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# Save new book object directly from validated data.
# Note that this bypasses Python validation (e.g. max_length).
# Instead validation occurs when saving our object.
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/forms/modelforms/#the-save-method.
# See also https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/forms/modelforms/#the-save-method-and-relational-fields.
#
# This will automatically handle creating an author object if necessary.
#
# Note that there are cases where this might not work as expected,
# e.g. when trying to update an existing book object.
# In such cases one needs instead use custom save method.
#
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/forms/modelforms/#overriding-the-save-method.
#
# For more details see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/forms/modelforms/#the-save-method-and-relational-fields.
#
# See also https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/db/models/#model-forms-and-inheritance.
#
# Note that unlike Django ModelForms,
# WTForms ModelForms do not support related fields like foreign keys out-of-the-box.
# For more information see http://wtforms.readthedocs.io/en/latest/forms/models.html#handling-many-to-one-and-many-to-many-fields.
#
# For more information about saving objects see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/db/manipulating/.
#
# For more information about relational fields see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/models/fields/#module-django.db.models.fields.related.
book_obj = form.save()
print(book_obj.author.name)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/')
else:
print(form.errors.as_json())
return render(request, 'book_form.html', {'form': form})
else:
print('GET')
print('----------')
print(form.errors.as_json())
print('----------')
print(form.non_field_errors())
print('----------')
print(form.errors.as_text())
print('----------')
print(form.cleaned_data)
print('----------')
print(form.fields['title'].errors.as_text())
print('----------')
print(form.fields['author'].errors.as_text())
print('----------')
form.fields['author'].queryset = Author.objects.all()
return render(request, 'book_form.html', {'form': form})
A few things worth noting here:
* We don't need any validation anymore since our model forms takes care of all validation for us (both Python validation like `max_length` as well as database constraints like unique constraints).
* We don't need two separate views (`create_author`, `create_book`) anymore since our model forms handles creating authors automatically if necessary.
* We don't need two separate forms anymore since our model forms handles everything for us.
* We can save our objects directly from validated data since Django handles all validation for us (both Python validation like `max_length` as well as database constraints like unique constraints).
* We can access related objects directly via properties on our objects since Django handles all relationships for us (see e.g. `book_obj.author.name`).
* When saving objects Django uses `.save(commit=False)` under-the-hood so we don't commit changes until we're ready ([source](https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/forms/models.py#L180)).
* We can override `.save()` method if we need any special logic ([source](https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/forms/models.py#L182)).
## Creating generic views
We could further improve our code by creating generic views which take care of most of the heavy lifting.
For example:
python
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView
class CreateAuthorView(CreateView):
model = Author
class CreateBookView(CreateView):
model = Book
def get_context_data(self,**kwargs):
context=super(CreateBookView,self