NLA stats & predictions

Milestone Moments

• The introduction of professional contracts in 1998 marked a significant turning point for Swiss handball clubs' competitiveness on European stages.
• The establishment of youth academies has nurtured homegrown talent, ensuring a steady pipeline of skilled players for national teams.
• Schweizer teams' participation in EHF competitions has elevated the league's profile internationally, attracting more fans worldwide.

Cultural Significance of Handball in Switzerland

In Switzerland, handball is more than just a sport; it's an integral part of cultural identity that brings communities together through shared passion and camaraderie.

Educational Impact of Handball Programs [0]: import os [1]: import re [2]: import glob [3]: import pandas as pd [4]: import numpy as np [5]: import datetime [6]: import requests [7]: from bs4 import BeautifulSoup [8]: def download_stock_history_data(ticker): [9]: """ [10]: Downloads stock history data from Google Finance using ticker. [11]: """ [12]: url = "http://www.google.com/finance/historical?q={}".format(ticker) [13]: page = requests.get(url) [14]: soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text) [15]: #Get link tag that contains CSV file [16]: csv_url = soup.find('a', attrs={'id': 'ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_CPHMain_Download'}) [17]: #Get CSV file URL [18]: csv_url = 'http://www.google.com' + csv_url['href'] [19]: #Download CSV file [20]: page = requests.get(csv_url) [21]: #Parse CSV file into pandas DataFrame [22]: df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(page.text)) [23]: #Rename columns [24]: df.rename(columns={'Date': 'date', [25]: 'Open': 'open', [26]: 'High': 'high', [27]: 'Low': 'low', [28]: 'Close*': 'close', [29]: 'Volume': 'volume'}, inplace=True) [30]: #Remove asterisk from Close column [31]: df.close = df.close.map(lambda x: x.replace('*', '')).astype(float) [32]: #Convert date column into datetime format [33]: df.date = pd.to_datetime(df.date) [34]: return df ***** Tag Data ***** ID: 2 description: Extracting specific elements from HTML using BeautifulSoup. start line: 16 end line: 18 dependencies: - type: Function name: download_stock_history_data start line: 8 end line: 34 context description: The snippet finds an anchor tag with a specific ID attribute, retrieves its href attribute value which contains the URL of the CSV file. algorithmic depth: 4 algorithmic depth external: N obscurity: 2 advanced coding concepts: 3 interesting for students: 5 self contained: Y ************* ## Suggestions for complexity 1. **Dynamic URL Construction Based on Multiple Tickers:** Modify the function so it can handle multiple tickers at once by dynamically constructing URLs for each ticker. 2. **Error Handling:** Implement advanced error handling mechanisms including retry logic if any step fails (e.g., network issues or invalid ticker). 3. **Asynchronous Requests:** Convert synchronous requests into asynchronous ones using `asyncio` or `aiohttp` libraries. 4. **Data Validation:** Add advanced data validation checks before parsing the CSV content into DataFrame. 5. **Historical Data Filtering:** Allow users to filter historical data based on specific date ranges or other conditions before returning. ## Conversation <|user|>Can you modify [SNIPPET] so it can handle multiple tickers at once? I want URLs constructed dynamically.<|end|> <|assistant|>Sure! To handle multiple tickers at once, we can loop through each ticker provided in a list, construct individual URLs dynamically, fetch each corresponding CSV URL, download data accordingly, then concatenate all DataFrames into one. Here’s how you can modify your code: python import pandas as pd import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup def download_stock_history_data(tickers): all_data = [] for ticker in tickers: url = "http://www.google.com/finance/historical?q={}".format(ticker) page = requests.get(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text) # Get link tag that contains CSV file csv_url_tag = soup.find('a', attrs={'id': 'ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_CPHMain_Download'}) if not csv_url_tag: print(f"CSV URL not found for ticker {ticker}") continue # Get CSV file URL csv_url = 'http://www.google.com' + csv_url_tag['href'] # Download CSV file page = requests.get(csv_url) # Parse CSV file into pandas DataFrame df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(page.text)) # Rename columns df.rename(columns={'Date': 'date', 'Open': 'open', 'High': 'high', 'Low': 'low', 'Close*': 'close', 'Volume': 'volume'}, inplace=True) # Remove asterisk from Close column df.close = df.close.map(lambda x: x.replace('*', '')).astype(float) # Convert date column into datetime format df.date = pd.to_datetime(df.date) # Append DataFrame all_data.append(df) final_df = pd.concat(all_data) return final_df # Example usage: tickers = ['AAPL', 'GOOGL'] data = download_stock_history_data(tickers) print(data.head()) This code will now handle multiple tickers by looping through them individually. *** Excerpt *** In short order I had my first-ever taste of real poverty—of how people live when they have nothing—and I was shocked by what I saw. I saw children eating dirt mixed with water because they were hungry; people stealing food off garbage dumps; people living without toilets; children begging; people dying from malnutrition; mothers whose babies died because they couldn’t afford medicine; people living without shoes because they couldn’t afford them; children who had never seen shoes before; people dying because they couldn’t afford health care; parents who had sold their children into slavery because they were too poor; children who were slaves because they were too poor; women who had been raped by soldiers because they were too poor; children whose parents had been killed by soldiers because they were too poor. This was not something I was prepared for when I first came here—no one is—but it was what I was sent here by God (and my bishop) to do. *** Revision 0 *** ## Plan To create an exercise that is advanced both in language comprehension and factual knowledge: 1. Introduce more complex sentence structures such as compound-complex sentences. 2. Include sophisticated vocabulary that requires higher-level language skills. 3. Integrate references that demand outside knowledge related not only directly stated facts but also implied socio-economic theories or historical contexts. 4. Require understanding of deductive reasoning through cause-effect relationships implied within the narrative. 5. Add nested counterfactuals (hypothetical alternatives) which challenge the reader’s ability to follow complex logical structures. ## Rewritten Excerpt Upon my initial immersion into this environment—distinctly characterized by severe destitution—I encountered manifestations of poverty hitherto unseen by me—a revelation both jarring yet enlightening regarding human resilience amidst adversity. Children were observed ingesting soil amalgamated with water—a desperate measure against starvation; individuals were surreptitiously appropriating sustenance from refuse sites; communities devoid of sanitation facilities prevailed; juveniles engaged in mendicancy; fatalities attributed directly to nutritional deficiencies were rampant; maternal figures bereft of financial means witnessing their offspring succumb due solely to unaffordable medicinal treatments; individuals deprived of footwear due simply to economic incapacity—some even witnessing footwear for the first time through others' possessions; mortalities directly linked not just metaphorically but literally due to inaccessible healthcare services; progenitors compelled under dire economic strains resorting to selling their offspring into servitude; juveniles ensnared within cycles of enslavement propelled by familial impoverishment; females subjected repeatedly to sexual violence perpetrated by militarized factions exploiting socio-economic vulnerabilities; offspring left orphaned consequent upon violent military actions targeting impoverished families. Such harsh realities were unforeseen upon my arrival—unanticipated yet explicitly delineated within my vocational directive issued by ecclesiastical authorities (specifically my bishop) ordained under divine guidance. ## Suggested Exercise Consider the rewritten excerpt detailing various manifestations of poverty: Which of these scenarios best exemplifies a direct cause-and-effect relationship impacting societal structure according to socio-economic theories? A) Children ingesting soil mixed with water leading directly to increased juvenile mendicancy rates. B) Parents selling children into slavery primarily due to economic pressures rather than societal acceptance. C) Lack of sanitation facilities contributing directly only towards personal hygiene issues rather than community health crises. D) Mothers unable to afford medicine resulting solely in individual fatalities rather than widespread public health concerns. *** Revision 1 *** check requirements: - req_no: 1 discussion: The draft does not require advanced external knowledge explicitly related or integrated within its questions or answers. score: 1 - req_no: 2 discussion: Understanding subtleties such as direct cause-and-effect relationships within societal structures implies comprehension beyond surface level but doesn't ensure depth without external reference points. score: 2 - req_no: 3 discussion: The excerpt length and complexity meet requirements but could better integrate challenging concepts or theories directly within its narrative. score: 2 - req_no: